The fountains mingle
with the river,
And the rivers with the ocean;
The winds of heaven mix forever
With a sweet emotion;
Nothing in the world is single;
All things by a law divine
In another's being mingle--
Why not I with thine?
See, the mountains kiss high heaven,
And the waves clasp one another;
No sister flower could be forgiven
If it disdained its brother;
And the sunlight clasps the earth,
And the moonbeams kiss the sea;--
What are all these kissings worth,
If thou kiss not me?
And the rivers with the ocean;
The winds of heaven mix forever
With a sweet emotion;
Nothing in the world is single;
All things by a law divine
In another's being mingle--
Why not I with thine?
See, the mountains kiss high heaven,
And the waves clasp one another;
No sister flower could be forgiven
If it disdained its brother;
And the sunlight clasps the earth,
And the moonbeams kiss the sea;--
What are all these kissings worth,
If thou kiss not me?
POETIC/LITERARY
DEVICES
1.
Personification
·
Fountains
mingle with the river
·
Winds of heaven
mix forever with a sweet emotion
·
The
mountains kiss high heaven
·
The waves
clasps one another
·
Moonbeams
kiss the sea
2.
Metaphors
·
No sister
flower could be forgiven if it disdained its brother- it describes that no man
should go against one another for a brother will look on to another brother.
3.
Rhetorical
question
·
If thou
kiss not me?- simply says that what is the use of all the relationships in the
nature worth if you’re not with me (a man and woman’s relationship)
STANZA BY
STANZA ANALYSIS
STANZA 1: P. B.
Shelly expresses that everything in the nature are in union. “The fountains mingle with the river and the
rivers with the ocean”. He wants to have an intimate relationship with the
girl. He claims that the world is held by a “law divine” so nothing in the
world is single. He’s advocating his intention on having a relationship with
her.
STANZA 2: The
mountains are touching high heaven and the waves clasps one another. He means
that every nature is embracing each other. No man can be forgiven if he hates
another man. He’s proposing that all men should be in a good term with each
other. He said that what is the use of nature embracing each other if
you(lover) don’t reciprocate my love?
CRITICAL
APPRECIATION
What the author is
trying to imply is that love is in vain if it’s a ‘one-sided’ love. Love is
interdependent. There is also a message that the natural world is on the side
of love. The thing that Shelly was stressing on was that love and everything
about and in it is sweet. But if it’s only a one-sided love or affection, then
it would be all worthless. Shelly uses nature mingling with each other (divine
thing) to press on that a man and woman should be together, that nature and man
are destined to have a pair.
READING
MATERIAL
This is a simple
little love poem in two 8-line stanzas with an ABABCDCD rhyme scheme. It is, at
heart, a plea for his girlfriend to kiss him, but his persuasion takes the form
of pointing to a range of natural and cosmic conjunctions that involve, on a
"macro" scale, what he wishes to do on a "micro" one. The
first stanza begins:
The
fountains mingle with the river,
And the rivers with the ocean;
The winds of heaven mix forever
With a sweet emotion;
And the rivers with the ocean;
The winds of heaven mix forever
With a sweet emotion;
The logic
points, in his view, to the inevitability of mingling and mixing "by a law
divine" which applies to what his girlfriend should do as well, because "Nothing in the world is single".
The second
stanza is, in effect, a repetition of the first, although here
"mingle" and "mix" are replaced by "kiss" and
"clasp" as the keywords. It should also be noted that the examples
move up a gear from rivers and winds to sunlight and moonlight in the lines:
And
the sunlight clasps the earth,
And the moonbeams kiss the sea;-
And the moonbeams kiss the sea;-
Shelley does not
mince his words when he relates mountains kissing the sky and moonbeams kissing
the sea directly to his personal circumstances in the final lines:
What
are all these kissings worth,
If thou kiss not me?
If thou kiss not me?
As a
"philosophy", Shelley's poem might lack something in terms of its
rigour, especially as his argument from the universal to the specific is
logically unsound, but that does not matter when the poem is considered for
what it is, namely a cleverly constructed love poem that is typical of its kind
in that the lover's regard of the universe is entirely coloured by his
emotions. He can see nothing around him that does not back up his argument and
ignores everything that does not, of which there would be plenty of examples if
he chose to look for them.
There is also
the message that the natural world is on the side of love, which is true in a
sense but not quite the one that Shelley is stressing here. For him, the
mingling, clasping and kissing is "sweet work" that would be
worthless if his girlfriend does not succumb to him. This is, of course, an
absurd position to take but it is again typical of someone who is deeply in
love and single-minded in their quest.
This short poem
throws so many examples at the reader that he or she might almost be taken in
by its faulty logic. If the reader is in the throes of love themselves, they
might indeed accept the argument. This is, after all, "Love's
Philosophy", which does not have to follow the rules that apply in all
other circumstances.
BIBLIOGRAPHY